An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by oncolysis, they release new infectious virus particles or virions to help destroy the remaining tumour. Oncolytic viruses are thought not only to cause direct destruction of the tumour cells, but also to stimulate host anti-tumour immune system responses.

The potential of viruses as anti-cancer agents was first realised in the early twentieth century, although coordinated research efforts did not begin until the 1960s. A number of viruses including adenovirus, reovirus, measles, herpes simplex, Newcastle disease virus, and vaccinia have been clinically tested as oncolytic agents. Most current oncolytic viruses are engineered for tumour selectivity, although there are naturally occurring examples such as reovirus and the senecavirus, resulting in clinical trials

Neurovirology is an interdisciplinary field which represents a melding of clinical neuroscience, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. The main focus of the field is to study viruses capable of infecting the nervous system. In addition to this, the field studies the use of viruses to trace neuroanatomical pathways, for gene therapy, and to eliminate detrimental populations of neural cells.

Vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, and nasal spray flu vaccines contain live, but weakened viruses Unless a person's immune system is weakened, it is unlikely that a vaccine will give the person the infection

A skin infection occurs when parasites, fungi, or germs such as bacteria penetrate the skin and spread. When this happens, it can cause pain, swelling, other types of discomfort, and skin colour changes. A skin infection may be mild or serious. Skin infections are different from rashes

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections you can get by having sex with someone who has an infection . STIs can be caused by viruses or bacteria. STIs caused by viruses include hepatitis B, herpes, HIV, and the human papilloma virus (HPV). STIs caused by bacteria include chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis

Infectious disease, also known as infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections. An infectious disease specialist's practice may consist largely of managing nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, or it may be out-patient based

Infectious diseases specialists typically serve as consultants to other physicians in cases of complex infections, and often manage patients with HIV/AIDS and other forms of Immunodeficiency.[1] Although many common infections are treated by physicians without formal expertise in infectious diseases, specialists may be consulted for cases where an infection is difficult to diagnose. They may also be asked to help determine the cause of a fever of unknown origin

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, parasitology, mycology and bacteriology

Veterinary virology is the study of viruses in non-human animals. It is an important branch of veterinary medicine. Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathogenic to higher plants.

Most plant viruses are rod-shaped, with protein discs forming a tube surrounding the viral genome; isometric particles are another common structure. They rarely have an envelope

 Tumours are groups of abnormal cells that form lumps or growths. They can start in any one of the trillions of cells in our bodies. Tumours grow and behave differently, depending on whether they are cancerous (malignant), non-cancerous (benign) or precancerous

Recently one of the most common viral infections are the respiratory tract infections. Respiratory tract infections are including with the infection of sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. The respiratory tract infections (RTI) are generally classified in tow subdivisions as Upper Respiratory tract infections (URTI) and Lower Respiratory tract infections (LRTI). The viruses which are associated with respiratory disorders these are adenovirus, Para influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, human metapneumovirus

Molecular virology refers to the study of viruses at the molecular level which involves the analysis of genes and gene products of viruses and study their interaction with host (human, plant or animal) cellular proteins. Structural Virology is the molecular mechanism used by viruses to invade host cells establish an infection and ensure that progeny virus particles are released into the environment, all while evading the host's immune defenes.Viruses are the smallest self -replicating organisms .Even though individually viruses are rather simple, as a group they are exceptionally diverse in both replication strategies and structures. Many viruses are important human pathogens.

To study the life cycle of human virus, we use various technologies like X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy. We investigate macromolecular interactions associated with virus cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and maturation. Viruses are very simple enough that we can aspire to understand their biology at a molecular level. Our efforts are directed towards using structural information for the development of anti-viral drugs and vaccines

 As of late the molecular investigation on replication, host interaction in insect viruses have contributed greatly to molecular, cell and organismal microbiology. The straightforwardness with which many insect viruses are spread in cell cultures and animals, the high yields virus particles or virus encoded macromolecules, and the significance with which many insect viruses can be genetically operated for some experimental benefits provided by those pathogens .It deals with viruses that infect fungi are identified called Mycoviruses .These Mycoviruses generally have double-stranded RNA genomes andisometric particles, but around 30% of these viruses have positive sense and single-stranded RNA genomes, so they are true Mycoviruses ,that they must have an capability to be transmitted

This includes virus discovery from deep sequencing data to broaden our understanding of the diversity of viruses affecting humans and other organisms, phylogenetics to reconstruct the origin and evolution of different virus families, virus classification to group our complex knowledge about viruses into usable units, and virus-host interactions to analyse the interplay between viruses and the immune system and to explore whether certain viral infections can be linked to unexplained diseases like some types of human cancer

An emerging virus is a term applied to a newly discovered virus, one that is increasing in incidence or with the potential to increase in incidence. Many viruses fit into this definition. HIV is the clearest example of a previously unknown virus that has now produced one of the largest pandemics in history

Food Microbiology centers around organisms having both valuable and venomous impacts on the wellbeing and nature of sustenances, subsequently turning into an open worry to give a most appropriate medium to microbial development and digestion. Both microbial flexibility and assorted variety can be abused for the improvement of value, security and solid procedures of handled nourishments in the biotechnology and modernly level which centers around recognizing the healthful dimension of the sustenance. Nourishment science characterizes the microbial associations with different sustenances and natural pecking order conditions which incorporate their adjustment and reaction systems to nourishment preparing and taking care of stresses. Advancement of probiotics, prebiotics and advantageous as nourishment supplements and their impacts on human wellbeing including consequences for host gut micro biota

Sometimes, an old disease reappears in a new clinical form that may often be severe or fatal. These are known as re-emerging diseases. A series of recent emerging infectious disease outbreaks, including the 2014 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa and the continuing Zika virus disease epidemic in the Americas, have underlined the need for better understanding of which kinds of pathogens are most likely to emerge and cause disease in human populations. Emerging infectious diseases caused by numerous micro-organisms have been affecting a region, country and sometimes the entire globe from time to time sporadically or in the form of small outbreaks to global pandemic like swine flu. Many diseases which were once considered to be no longer a threat to the public health have once again begun to re-emerge. Many new and emerging RNA and DNA viruses are zoonotic or have zoonotic origins in an animal reservoir that is usually mammalian and sometimes avian. Not all zoonotic viruses are transmissible (directly or by an arthropod vector) between human hosts.  Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests

Ebola is a viral contamination which caused by infection transmitted through body liquids and through air. It happens once in a while however it is frightfully fatal which results in death. Essential side effects of Ebola contamination incorporate sore throat, fever, migraines and solid torment at that point pursued by the runs, heaving, rash, diminished capacity of the kidneys and liver then loss of blood inside and remotely at long last prompting low circulatory strain and leads to death

Herpes simplex viruses -- more commonly known as herpes -- are categorized into two types: herpes type 1 (HSV-1 or oral herpes) and herpes type 2 (HSV-2, or genital herpes). Most commonly, herpes type 1 causes sores around the mouth and lips

Diagnosis of any probable viral infection with the help of various tests such as specific, assorted or conventional tests to identify the causative virus. Multiple methods are in use for laboratory diagnosis in probing the viral infections, including serology, viral culture, antigen detection, and nucleic acid detection. Due to various developments in the technology, we see high-end and quite impressive immunologic and molecular diagnostic tests are developed to provide more accurate results and to detect the viruses- type, number and to identify their pathogenicity as well

Viruses exhibit sturdy medicine responses with each cellular and body substance immunity. Cell mediate helps in governing with the assistance of T, B cells and Natural Killer Cells- with T cells in conjecture with MHC and body substance immunity responses primarily govern by neutralizing the antigens. With the evolution of viruses and therefore the constant mutations that they are going on with, it becomes essential to know the sort of interactions it undergoes with specific antibodies. Signalling directs cellular activities and coordinates cell activities

Paediatrics is a subdivision of the art of drug which incorporates the restorative consideration of new-born children, youngsters, and grown-ups. Pediatric irresistible ailments are what is framed because of microorganisms and different organisms like microbes, parasites, infections, and different pathogens. These sorts of pathogens taint the kids and make them sick causing a few issues in the body. This infectious disease may prompt the issues like Diarrhoea and vomiting in children and babies. At the point when the diseases get friend in need issue, it intrudes on the dozing example of infants anticipating them with the agony of challenges. The most widely recognized Pediatric irresistible illnesses are Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Sepsis and the infectious type of contaminations in infants